Shockwave Therapy for Hip Bursitis: A Non-Surgical Solution to Persistent Hip Pain

KEY TAKEAWAYS

• "Hip bursitis" is the popular name for what is more accurately called greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS). In most chronic cases, the underlying problem is not a primary bursa inflammation but a tendinopathy of the gluteal tendons (gluteus medius and minimus) that attach to the side of the hip. This matters because the right treatment plan addresses the tendons, not just the bursa.
• Shockwave therapy (extracorporeal shockwave therapy, or ESWT) has reasonable evidence support for chronic GTPS. The strongest piece of evidence comes from a 2009 randomised trial of 229 patients (Rompe et al. in the American Journal of Sports Medicine), which compared shockwave, corticosteroid injection, and a home exercise program. Cortisone won at 1 month. Shockwave and home exercise pulled ahead from 4 months onward, with home exercise giving the best long-term result at 15 months.
• The honest framing is that shockwave is a useful tool for stubborn cases, particularly when layered onto a structured rehabilitation program. It is not a stand-alone treatment that replaces strengthening work.
• A typical course is 3 to 6 weekly sessions of about 15 minutes each. Side effects are mild (local soreness, redness, occasional bruising) and short-lived.
• Side-sleeping pressure on the affected hip, weak hip stabilisers, and sudden increases in walking or running load are common drivers that need addressing alongside any treatment.
• Sudden new severe hip pain, fever, inability to bear weight, or signs of infection are red flags that need physician evaluation before any rehabilitation work.

IN THIS ARTICLE

• What hip bursitis (GTPS) actually is
• Why the pain becomes chronic
• What the research shows about shockwave therapy for hip bursitis
• How treatment works at Unpain Clinic
• What to do at home between visits
• When to see a physician
• FAQ
• Further reading from Unpain Clinic

INTRODUCTION

Chronic outer hip pain is one of the most common (and most under-treated) presentations in adult musculoskeletal care. The classic picture is recognisable: pain on the side of the hip, tender to touch over the bony bump (the greater trochanter), worse when sleeping on that side, worse going up stairs or getting out of a chair. It often starts as a nagging ache that comes and goes, then settles in as a steady background pain that does not respond well to rest or basic stretching.

Most people who experience this end up with a label of "hip bursitis" at some point. The clinical truth is more layered, and that has direct implications for treatment.

This article walks through what hip bursitis actually is in 2026, what the evidence supports for treatment, where shockwave therapy fits in (and where it does not), and how a structured plan is built. It also covers what you can reasonably do at home between visits.

This is general education, not individual medical advice. If your hip pain is severe, came on suddenly, is associated with a fall or injury, or is accompanied by fever, weight loss, or inability to bear weight, that needs to go to a physician before any rehabilitation work.

WHAT IS HIP BURSITIS, REALLY?

Hip bursitis is the popular name for a condition that modern musculoskeletal medicine usually calls greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS). The umbrella term reflects what years of imaging studies and clinical research have shown: the picture is rarely a simple bursa inflammation in isolation.

The anatomy. On the outer side of the hip, the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus tendons attach to a bony prominence called the greater trochanter. Between these tendons and the overlying iliotibial band sit small fluid-filled sacs called bursae, which act as cushions between moving structures. When the area becomes painful, it has historically been called "trochanteric bursitis," which assumes the bursa is the main culprit.

What we now know. In most chronic cases, the dominant tissue change is in the gluteal tendons themselves, not the bursa. The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus tendons can develop the same kind of degenerative changes (tendinopathy) seen in other tendons around the body. Imaging studies in chronic GTPS frequently show tendinopathy of these tendons, sometimes with partial tearing, and the bursa may or may not be inflamed. This is why the broader name (GTPS) has replaced "trochanteric bursitis" in the medical literature. The bursa is part of the picture in many cases. It is rarely the whole picture.

Who gets it. GTPS is more common in women than men and tends to appear from middle age onward, with a peak in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal years. Estimates of how often it accounts for lateral hip pain vary, but the condition is far from rare. Risk factors include side-sleeping habits (particularly on a firmer mattress), weakness of the hip stabiliser muscles (especially gluteus medius), recent increases in walking or running mileage, and pelvic and lumbar spine issues that change the way load passes through the hip.

What it feels like. The hallmark is pain on the outer hip, tender to direct pressure over the greater trochanter, often worse with side-lying, climbing stairs, getting up from a low chair, or single-leg loading (such as carrying a heavy bag on one side or standing on one leg). The pain may radiate down the outer thigh and sometimes mimics low back or knee pain. Morning stiffness and pain in the first few steps out of bed are common.

WHY DOES THE PAIN BECOME CHRONIC?

Chronic GTPS rarely persists because of one single factor. The pattern is usually a combination.

The tendons have not been progressively reloaded. The gluteal tendons, like other tendons in the body, adapt to load when given the right stimulus over weeks and months. Complete rest is not the answer (the tendons need controlled loading to remodel), and continuing the activity that aggravated them is also not the answer. Most chronic cases sit in the middle: not loaded enough to remodel, but still loaded enough to keep being irritated.

Mechanical aggravators have continued. Side-sleeping directly on the affected hip, sitting with the legs crossed (which compresses the lateral hip), or repeatedly carrying a child on one hip can all keep the area irritated. Habits like these often last for months before they are recognised as part of the problem.

The hip stabilisers are weak. The gluteus medius is the main side-stabiliser of the pelvis during single-leg loading (walking, stairs, running). When it is weak, the pelvis drops on the opposite side with each step, the iliotibial band rubs against the greater trochanter more aggressively, and the gluteal tendons take more load. Strengthening these stabilisers is one of the most consistently supported interventions for GTPS.

The kinetic chain has not been addressed. Pelvic alignment, lumbar spine mobility, ankle and foot mechanics, and gait pattern all influence what the lateral hip has to manage. A stiff lumbar spine, a flat foot pattern, or an old ankle injury that changed gait can all keep loading the hip in unhelpful ways.

The diagnosis was incomplete. A few conditions can look like GTPS and need different management: hip osteoarthritis (which sits deeper in the hip joint itself, not on the outer trochanter), lumbar radiculopathy (referred pain from the spine), femoroacetabular impingement, a partial gluteal tendon tear, or in rarer cases an infected bursa (septic bursitis). A proper assessment helps rule these out.

The pain became disconnected from the tissue findings. After months of chronic pain, the nervous system can become more reactive than the tissue damage alone would predict. The tendons may have begun to recover while the nerves are still amplifying the signal. This is real and changes how rehabilitation is paced.

WHAT DOES THE EVIDENCE SHOW ABOUT SHOCKWAVE THERAPY FOR HIP BURSITIS?

The evidence base for shockwave therapy in GTPS is one of the better-developed in lateral hip pain, with several randomised controlled trials and longer-term follow-up studies. The honest picture is that shockwave works reasonably well for stubborn cases, particularly when combined with structured exercise, and the gains tend to hold up over time.

The largest randomised trial of treatment options for GTPS is the 2009 study by Rompe and colleagues in the American Journal of Sports Medicine, which compared three treatments in 229 patients with refractory unilateral GTPS: a home exercise program, a single local corticosteroid injection, and a course of radial shockwave therapy. The results unfolded over time in a way that is now well known.

At 1 month, the corticosteroid injection group had the best results (75% reported a successful outcome, compared with 13% in the shockwave group and 7% in the home training group). Cortisone is a fast, short-term fix.

At 4 months, the picture inverted. Shockwave therapy now showed a 68% success rate, compared with 51% for corticosteroid injection and 41% for home training. The short-term benefit of the injection had worn off.

At 15 months, home exercise was the best long-term performer (80% success), followed closely by shockwave (74%), with corticosteroid injection trailing at 48%. The authors concluded that the role of corticosteroid injection for GTPS needs to be reconsidered, given how short-lived the benefit was and how the longer-term outcomes were inferior to both shockwave and structured home exercise.

The practical takeaway: cortisone for GTPS is a quick patch that does not deliver durable results, and may even be inferior over the long term. Shockwave therapy and structured exercise both produce real, durable improvement. Combining them is reasonable.

A more recent randomised trial reinforces and refines this picture. The 2023 cross-over trial by Notarnicola and colleagues in the Journal of Personalized Medicine compared focused shockwave therapy with an eccentric exercise program in chronic GTPS, with a cross-over arm for patients who did not respond to the first intervention. Both treatments produced significant reductions in pain and improvements in function. Importantly, patients who failed to respond to one treatment often improved when crossed over to the other, suggesting that the two interventions have somewhat different mechanisms and that combining or sequencing them can rescue cases that do not respond to either alone. The shockwave protocol in this trial was 3 sessions, one per week, with 2000 pulses per session and energy flux density between 0.03 and 0.17 mJ/mm².

Imaging-documented evidence comes from the 2018 study by Seo and colleagues in PLOS ONE, which examined the long-term outcome of low-energy shockwave therapy specifically in patients with MRI-documented gluteal tendinopathy (38 patients, mean follow-up 27 months). Success rates were 83.3% at immediate follow-up and 55.6% at long-term follow-up. The honest interpretation is that shockwave produces meaningful short-term gains in MRI-confirmed cases, with about half maintaining the benefit over the longer term and the remainder needing additional intervention or maintenance work.

A note on extrapolation from adjacent conditions. The 2023 pilot trial by Şah in the Journal of Personalized Medicine examined focused and radial shockwave for hip osteoarthritis (which is a different condition than GTPS, sitting in the hip joint itself rather than the outer trochanter). Both shockwave types produced significant improvements over sham in pain and function, with focused shockwave outperforming radial. This is not direct evidence for GTPS, but it is relevant context for patients whose lateral hip pain has an osteoarthritic component as well, and it informs how we approach combined presentations. We discuss this in a separate article on shockwave therapy for hip osteoarthritis.

How does shockwave actually work? Shockwave therapy delivers controlled acoustic energy into the target tissues. The biological response is mediated by several mechanisms that act together: stimulation of new small blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), modulation of local inflammatory signalling, mechanotransduction effects on tendon cells (tenocytes) that influence collagen organisation, and effects on pain-modulating pathways at the local nerve level. The clinical translation is that shockwave can re-stimulate the healing response in a tendon that has been stuck in a chronic state. It is not a quick analgesic. The benefits build over weeks as the tissue responds.

"The honest answer for chronic hip bursitis is that the gluteal tendons need to be loaded, strengthened, and given enough time to remodel. Shockwave therapy earns its place by re-stimulating that healing response in tendons that have stalled. It works best when it is part of the plan, not the entire plan." Uran Berisha, BSc Physiotherapy, Founder of Unpain Clinic

HOW DOES TREATMENT FOR HIP BURSITIS WORK AT UNPAIN CLINIC?

At Unpain Clinic in Edmonton, treatment for chronic hip bursitis (GTPS) sits inside a structured assessment-and-plan process. The first visit is an assessment, not a treatment session, because the right plan depends on whether the dominant picture is tendinopathy, bursitis, a mix of both, or something that mimics GTPS.

A typical first visit includes a full history (when the pain started, what aggravates and eases it, what loading the hip has been under, what treatments have been tried, what you want to get back to), and an examination that covers the lateral hip itself (palpation tenderness over the greater trochanter, specific provocation tests for the gluteal tendons), hip strength and range of motion, lumbar spine mobility, foot mechanics, single-leg balance, and gait if relevant.

If the picture suggests something other than GTPS (a possible partial gluteal tendon tear that may need imaging, hip joint osteoarthritis with significant restriction, suspected septic bursitis with fever or systemic symptoms, lumbar radiculopathy), we coordinate appropriate physician referral or imaging before continuing with treatment.

From there, the toolbox we draw on is built around what the evidence supports.

Physiotherapy with progressive gluteal loading is the backbone. Following the pattern of the Rompe 2009 home training program and modern eccentric and heavy slow resistance principles, we work with patients on a structured program of isometric and progressive resistance work for the gluteus medius and minimus, with the surrounding kinetic chain (lumbar spine, hip rotators, single-leg balance) addressed in parallel. This work is dosed for the irritability of the tendons. Sessions in clinic teach the work and progression. The bulk happens at home, between visits.

Focused shockwave therapy (True Shockwave) is the primary modality we use to re-stimulate the healing response in the gluteal tendons. Focused shockwave can be targeted precisely to the deep tendon attachments on the greater trochanter, and the evidence base for chronic GTPS supports its use. A typical course is 3 to 6 weekly sessions of about 15 minutes each, with around 2000 pulses per session. Sessions feel like a strong, rapid tapping or pulsing pressure on the area. Discomfort is adjustable during the session.

Radial shockwave therapy is often layered in for the surrounding superficial soft tissue (the iliotibial band, the tensor fasciae latae, the lateral hip muscles), particularly when these structures are contributing tension to the picture.

EMTT therapy is selectively used as a complementary modality in cases where the deeper tissue picture has stalled or where surrounding inflammation is part of the picture.

Massage therapy supports the broader kinetic chain, particularly for the iliotibial band, the lateral quadriceps, and the gluteal muscle tension that often accompanies chronic GTPS.

A note on cortisone injections. We do not provide corticosteroid injections at Unpain Clinic. If your physician has recommended one and you are weighing it up, the relevant context from the Rompe 2009 trial is worth knowing: cortisone gives the best short-term result (good for the first 4 to 6 weeks) but the worst long-term result of the three treatments studied. Repeated cortisone injections to a tendinopathic site also carry a risk of tendon weakening. The decision is yours and your physician's; we will work alongside whatever decision is made.

For broader context on the role of the hips in whole-body function, our team has produced a podcast episode on the hip joint as the body's transmission, a blog article on unlocking the hidden power of your hip joints, and a related piece on why shockwave therapy has become a go-to option for persistent hip pain. More information on the shockwave devices and protocols used in clinic is available on our shockwave therapy in Edmonton and Summerside page and our condition-specific shockwave therapy for greater trochanteric pain syndrome page.

WHAT TO REALISTICALLY EXPECT FROM A COURSE OF CARE

A reasonable timeline for chronic hip bursitis (GTPS) is 8 to 16 weeks of structured care, with the active in-clinic phase often spanning the first 4 to 6 weeks and the surrounding rehabilitation work continuing alongside and after.

The pattern of improvement is rarely dramatic in the first session. Many patients notice the first shifts in weeks 2 to 4, often as a reduction in night pain, easier side-sleeping, or less pain getting out of a chair. By weeks 6 to 12, bigger gains tend to appear: longer walks without flare, improved tolerance for stairs, less morning stiffness.

The principles that separate the patients who recover well from the patients who plateau are familiar.

Consistency. The home exercise program is part of the treatment, not optional. The Rompe 2009 trial that showed shockwave outperforming cortisone over time involved patients who did the work alongside the in-clinic treatment.

Patience with the timeline. Tendons remodel slowly, on a months-to-a-year timeline. Two weeks of work and no dramatic change is not failure. It is normal.

Mechanical aggravators addressed. Side-sleeping pressure on the affected hip, sitting with legs crossed, carrying a child habitually on one hip, sudden mileage increases in walking or running, all of these need attention alongside the treatment, or the gains will not hold.

The surrounding cast. Hip strength alone is not enough if the lumbar spine is stiff, the foot mechanics are not supporting the chain, or the breathing-and-core pattern is uncoordinated. The plan addresses what the assessment finds, not just the painful spot.

WHAT CAN I SAFELY DO AT HOME BETWEEN VISITS?

This is general education, not individual medical advice. The principles below assume you have been cleared by a clinician and that conditions requiring physician care (acute injury, possible fracture, suspected infection) have been ruled out. Specific dosing should be matched to your case by a clinician.

1. Modify the side-sleeping pattern. Sleeping directly on the affected hip is one of the most common ongoing aggravators. A pillow between the knees when sleeping on the unaffected side, or a thicker mattress topper to reduce direct pressure on the trochanter, often reduces night pain meaningfully.
2. Reduce the obvious provoking activities in the early phase. Stairs in excess, hills, long walks on uneven ground, and prolonged single-leg loading should be modified rather than pushed through during the early irritable phase. Walking on flat ground at a comfortable pace is usually fine.
3. Start with isometric gluteal holds in the early phase. Side-lying with the top leg straight, lift the leg slightly off the lower one and hold for 30 to 45 seconds, repeated 3 to 5 times, once or twice a day. Isometrics often settle the tendon enough to allow the progressive loading work to start.
4. Move to a structured gluteal loading program. Side-lying clamshells, side-lying leg raises, banded hip abduction, single-leg bridges, and side planks are the standard progression. Specific dosing is best built with a clinician.
5. Address the kinetic chain. Lumbar spine mobility (gentle pelvic tilts, knee-to-chest, lower trunk rotation), single-leg balance work, and foot intrinsic strengthening all support the broader picture.
6. Avoid sitting with legs crossed during the early phase. Crossing the affected leg over compresses the lateral hip and can keep the area irritated.
7. Reasonable use of ice or heat. Ice for 10 to 15 minutes after activity that flares the pain can help settle it. Heat before stretching or activity can help relax the surrounding muscles. Either is reasonable. Neither is the treatment.
8. Build the load gradually. Tendons adapt over months. Two weeks of focused work and no dramatic change is not failure; it is normal. The goal is steady, consistent loading at the right dose.

WHEN SHOULD I SEE A PHYSICIAN INSTEAD OF (OR ALONGSIDE) REHABILITATION?

The following are not "wait and see" situations. Contact your physician promptly, or seek emergency care if symptoms are severe.

• Sudden severe pain after a fall, slip, or impact, particularly with inability to bear weight or significant bruising. This raises suspicion of a fracture (hip or pelvis) and needs imaging.
• Fever, systemic illness, severe redness or warmth at the hip, or sudden worsening of pain with signs of infection. Septic bursitis is uncommon but is a medical emergency that needs urgent treatment.
• Sudden onset of severe sharp pain with a snap or pop sensation and inability to use the leg, which raises suspicion of a tendon rupture and needs urgent assessment.
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness traveling into the leg, which suggests a possible lumbar spine or neurological cause rather than primary hip bursitis.
• Persistent pain that has not responded to a fair conservative trial of 8 to 12 weeks of structured care.
• Hip pain combined with unexplained weight loss, night pain that wakes you from sleep regardless of position, or a known history of cancer. These warrant physician evaluation before any rehabilitation work.
• Severe restriction in hip range of motion or a hip that feels locked, which suggests joint involvement that may need imaging.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Is shockwave therapy safe for hip bursitis?

Yes. Shockwave therapy is non-invasive, requires no incision or anaesthesia, and has a strong safety profile in the published literature on musculoskeletal conditions. The most common side effects are mild and short-lived: local soreness, redness, occasional small bruising in the day or two after a session, similar to what you might feel after a deep-tissue massage. The treatment is uncomfortable during application (a strong tapping or pulsing sensation), but intensity is adjustable in real time. There are specific contraindications (pregnancy in the pelvic area, active infection in the treatment zone, certain tumors, severe coagulation disorders, pacemakers or other implanted electronic devices near the treatment area), and a proper screening at the assessment determines whether shockwave is appropriate for your specific case.

How many sessions of shockwave therapy will I need for hip bursitis?

A typical course at Unpain Clinic is 3 to 6 weekly sessions, with each session taking about 15 minutes. The exact number is matched to your case: 3 sessions is often enough for a less chronic presentation, while more stubborn cases benefit from 5 or 6. The randomised trial evidence (Rompe 2009, Notarnicola 2023) used short course protocols (3 sessions in the Notarnicola trial), and longer-term outcome studies (Seo 2018) suggest the benefits hold up over time in about half of patients, with occasional maintenance work for the remainder.

Does shockwave therapy hurt?

There is real discomfort during the session, best described as a strong rapid tapping or pulsing pressure on the hip. Most patients tolerate it well, particularly when the intensity is started low and increased gradually. Discomfort during the session stops almost immediately when the device is lifted off. After a session, mild local soreness for a day or two is common; significant pain afterward is not.

Will cortisone work better than shockwave for my hip bursitis?

In the short term (the first month), yes. The 2009 Rompe trial showed cortisone with a 75% success rate at 1 month, compared with 13% for shockwave. From 4 months onward, the picture inverts. Shockwave (68%) outperformed cortisone (51%) at 4 months, and at 15 months home exercise (80%) and shockwave (74%) both outperformed cortisone (48%). Cortisone is a fast, short-lived option. Shockwave and exercise are slower-onset, longer-lasting options. The decision depends on what matters most to you, and is best discussed with the physician offering the injection.

Can I do shockwave therapy if I have already had a cortisone injection?

Usually yes, with appropriate timing. Most protocols wait at least 4 to 6 weeks after a cortisone injection before starting shockwave, to allow the tissue to settle and to avoid layering treatments in a way that obscures the response. Confirm specifics with your treating clinician.

Can shockwave therapy help if I have had hip pain for years?

Yes. The strongest evidence base for shockwave in GTPS is in chronic and refractory cases (the Rompe 2009 trial enrolled patients with pain lasting more than 6 months who had not responded to other treatments). The studies that showed shockwave outperforming alternative treatments at 4 and 15 months specifically looked at this stubborn population. The honest framing is that long-standing cases often respond, particularly when shockwave is layered onto a structured rehabilitation program; some very advanced cases (with significant partial tendon tearing or substantial joint involvement) may need additional medical input.

Do I need a doctor's referral to come to Unpain Clinic?

No referral is needed. Physiotherapists and chiropractors in Alberta practice as primary contact clinicians. Some insurance plans require a physician's note for reimbursement, so check your plan if you intend to claim. If our assessment suggests something that needs a physician's involvement (suspected fracture, suspected septic bursitis, possible significant tendon tear, signs of systemic illness), we coordinate that referral immediately.

Is shockwave therapy for hip bursitis covered by insurance?

Most extended health plans in Alberta reimburse physiotherapy and chiropractic care under standard categories, and shockwave therapy is typically billed under the supervising clinician's category as part of a treatment session. Public provincial health insurance does not typically cover shockwave in a private clinic setting. Confirm with your plan, and a Health Spending Account through your employer can usually be used as well.

What are the side effects of shockwave therapy?

The most commonly reported side effects are localised and short-term: mild soreness in the treated area for 24 to 48 hours, occasional redness or small bruising, and mild swelling in some cases as blood flow to the area increases. No serious adverse effects have been reported in the published literature on shockwave for musculoskeletal conditions when applied by appropriately trained clinicians within the standard contraindication framework. There is no risk of infection (no incision), no nerve damage with appropriate technique, and no systemic effects.

PATIENT TESTIMONIAL

“Uran is unreal!! I was suffering from hip pain for 15 years. I turned to shock wave therapy and the pain is almost gone. When I play hockey everyone asks why I’m faster. I can’t thank Uran enough for the treatment he has provided him.
You can’t put a price on health!!”- Tim Prusko

FURTHER READING FROM UNPAIN CLINIC

• Shockwave therapy for hip osteoarthritis
• Unlocking the Hidden Power of Your Hip Joints
• Why Shockwave Therapy Is Becoming a Go-To Option for Persistent Hip Pain
• Unpain Clinic Podcast Episode 5: From Prehab to Rehab
• Shockwave Therapy in Edmonton and Summerside
• Shockwave Therapy for Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Written by Uran Berisha, Founder of Unpain Clinic and Medical Shockwave Institute. Uran has a Bachelor of Science in Physiotherapy and is an International Educator in Shockwave Therapy.

BOOK YOUR INITIAL ASSESSMENT

If you have chronic outer hip pain that has not responded to rest, stretching, or single-discipline care, the next step is a proper assessment. We will look at where exactly the pain sits, what tissues are likely involved (bursa, gluteal tendons, iliotibial band, or a combination), what your kinetic chain looks like, and what realistic timeline fits your case. The plan we build is honest, structured, and based on what the evidence actually supports. No referral needed. No long contracts. Book your initial assessment with Unpain Clinic.

REFERENCES

1. Rompe JD, Segal NA, Cacchio A, Furia JP, Morral A, Maffulli N. Home Training, Local Corticosteroid Injection, or Radial Shock Wave Therapy for Greater Trochanter Pain Syndrome. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009;37(10):1981-1990. DOI: 10.1177/0363546509334374. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19439758/
2. Notarnicola A, Ladisa I, Lanzilotta P, Bizzoca D, Covelli I, Bianchi FP, Maccagnano G, Farì G, Moretti B. Shock Waves and Therapeutic Exercise in Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial with Cross-Over. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023;13(6):976. DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060976. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10301141/
3. Seo KH, Lee JY, Yoon K, Do JG, Park HJ, Lee SY, Park YS, Lee YT. Long-term outcome of low-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy on gluteal tendinopathy documented by magnetic resonance imaging. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(7):e0197460. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197460. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6050036/
4. Şah V. The Short-Term Efficacy of Large-Focused and Controlled-Unfocused (Radial) Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapies in the Treatment of Hip Osteoarthritis. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023;13(1):48. DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010048. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9865373/
5. Berisha U (Host). From Prehab to Rehab: The "Hip" New Way Patients Are Crushing Their Joint Replacement Surgeries. Unpain Clinic Podcast, Episode 5. 2021. https://unpainclinic.com/en/podcast/episode-5-prehab-rehab-hip-joint
6. Unpain Clinic. Unlocking the Hidden Power of Your Hip Joints: Why Your Hips Are the Body's Transmission and How to Keep Them Healthy. Unpain Clinic Blog. 2024. https://unpainclinic.com/en/articles/hidden-power-of-your-hip-joints
7. Unpain Clinic. Shockwave Therapy in Edmonton and Summerside. Unpain Clinic Treatments. https://unpainclinic.com/en/treatments/shockwave-therapy
8. Unpain Clinic. Shockwave Therapy for Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. Unpain Clinic Treatments. https://unpainclinic.com/en/treatments/shockwave-gtps
9. Unpain Clinic. Why Shockwave Therapy Is Becoming a Go-To Option for Persistent Hip Pain. Unpain Clinic Blog. 2025. https://unpainclinic.com/en/articles/shockwave-therapy-persistent-hip-pain